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Darrera modificació: 2011-02-24
Bases de dades: Sciència.cat
Voskoboynikov, Oleg, "Considérations sur une «renaissance» médiévale: arts, savoirs et politique à la cour de Frédéric II (1200-1250)", Mediaeval Sophia, 8/jul.-des. (2010), 30-59.
- Resum
- The focus of this study is the artistic and scientific legacy of the Staufen court in Southern Italy. Two phenomena of this court culture are discussed: the creation of a new image of the universe, still religious but based on scientia naturalis, and the use of the classical tradition in different intellectual activities and arts, especially in the illustration of manuscripts. This study explores the link between the study of nature promoted by the emperor, sensible to all kinds of scientific novelties, and the aesthetic taste for classical art characteristic of Frederick II and his circle. Finally, it discusses how these phenomena influenced, or were influenced by, the political context: the opposition of empire, papacy and towns. This opposition, as the author demonstrates, used not only weapons of war or political ideology. Emphatically Roman language in art, law and science, all kinds of intellectual discussions, and translations of unknown, sometimes exotic texts, became propagandist means serving to surprise or even scandalize the adversary. The author did not aim to identify a new medieval “renascence” before the Renaissance, but to demonstrate, primarily on the basis of manuscript evidence from the epoch, that an active cultural environment of the early Middle Ages, creating new things, was always looking to the past, but also to the other, the strange, the unknown. The world of Frederick II did not feel a tragic gap between it and antiquity, nor did it close off its cultural exclusivity from any influences of non-Christian civilizations. It was a deliberately open culture, to which astrologers, painters, falconers, doctors, interpreters and theologians were invited from Scotland and Toledo, Mosul and Damascus. Vivid discussions arose – and sometimes, leaving the limited circle of court intellectual elite, emerged on the great political scene, and reverberated in constitutions, wars and justice. The collecting and copying of ancient, or what were seen as ancient, illuminated scientific manuscripts, sculptures, cameos and busts of emperors was nothing but the quest of a secular state for its own language, independent of ecclesiastical tradition. This culture remained based on quotations, but these “relics” were endowed with vetustas and auctoritas. Combining these authorities with the study of nature, with the restoration of juridical order in the Kingdom of Sicily and of the imperial tradition, Frederick II and his entourage gave their court culture its most important pattern: the thirst for renewal.
- Matèries
- Història de la ciència
Filosofia - Filosofia natural
Història - Política
Manuscrits
- Notes
- Oleg Voskoboynikov ha conseguito il Dottorato russo con una tesi sulla Visione della natura alla corte di Federico II di Svevia (cum laude, Università statale di Mosca, Facoltà di storia) nel maggio 2002 e il Dottorato francese, EHESS, nel maggio 2006, su Arts, savoirs et visions de la nature a la cour de Frederic II. 1200-1250. È assistente al Dipartimento di Storia medievale dell'Università statale di Mosca. Fellow del Warburg Institute, estate 2004, collaboratore della Maison des Sciences de l'Homme nel 2005. È docente di storia medievale alla facoltà di storia della Scuola di alti studi economici di Mosca e docente di storia medievale all'Università Lomonossov. Ha pubblicato, fra l'altro, il volume Anima mundi. Scienze, arti e politica alla corte federiciana, con una prima edizione del De balneis Puteolanis di Pietro da Eboli, Rosspen 2008 [en rus].
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